History
Colleges and universities are institutions of higher learning where students generally are challenged and encouraged to voice an opinion or to make a mark on society. With that in mind, somehow it is almost fitting that a group of bored and discontented college students were the reason the game of basketball was invented.
The mandatory winter indoor physical activity classes at the School for Christian Workers (now Springfield College in Massachusetts) were boring the students in 1891. The Dean of the Department of Physical Training, Dr. Luther Gulick, presented a young second-year graduate student with the unenviable task of developing an activity game that would interest the students.
For two weeks James Naismith’s activity games were unsuccessful. Then, in late December, he introduced a game, complete with 13 rules, called “basketball.” Perhaps the most lucid explanation of what happened next comes from basketball rules expert Dr. Edward S. Steitz in his Illustrated Basketball Rules. According to the late Dr. Steitz (formerly a well-known figure around the Springfield College campus himself) a custodian was unable to come up with the 15-by-15-inch boxes to serve as goals. Instead, “Pop” Stebbins could only offer old half-bushel peach baskets to Naismith. The baskets were nailed into the lowest railing of the balconies at either end of the gymnasium. Coincidentally, the height from the floor to the basket was 10 feet, and now, more than 100 years later, the distance has not been changed.
Naismith’s Original Code of Rules has withstood the test of time. Some rules were changed and adapted in the early years, but the foresight Naismith had when he developed the game of basketball is amazing. Some of his original rules included: two officials, passing, dribbling, fouls, scoring. five-second count on the inbounds pass, two halves plus halftime, how to win the game, and a tiebreaker rule.
The new game caught on very quickly. As a matter of record, the first women’s basketball game was played at Smith College just three months after Nasmith invented it. In fact, Naismith met his future wife while watching a women’s game of pickup basketball in Springfield in 1892.
Because the School for Christian Workers (Springfield College) trained students who were studying to go into service with the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) all over the world, the game of basketball spread rapidly from continent to continent. YMCA, colleges, and universities were staging intercollegiate competition within months after the game’s introduction. Forty- five years after the first game in Massachusetts, men’s basketball became an event in the Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936, with its founder, Dr. Naismith, then 75 years old, in attendance.
The rest is history. Basketball is popular worldwide as a team sport played by millions and a spectator sport viewed by billions. From the NCAA Final Four to the NBA Championships, from the Olympic Games to high school and youth leagues, and hardwood enthusiasts have favorite teams, players, and moves.
The game has remained rock-steady throughout the years. Modification such as the 24-, 30-, or 45-second shot clock, dunks, three-point goals, and extra officials have added to the excitement enjoyed by both the spectator and player. The collegiate court is 50 feet wide and 94 feet long with an 18-inch cylindrical hoop, basket, or goal raised 10 feet above the court and suspended on a 4-by-6-foot fiberglass, glass, or wood backboard. high school courts are generally 10 feet shorter but the other dimensions apply. 스포츠중계
Points are earned when one of the five players on the offensive team (team with the ball) scores a one-point unguarded shot called a free throw, a two point shot called a field goal, or a three-point goal (shot outside a specially marked area 19 feet 9 inches from the basket in the college and high school game) against the defense (team without the ball).
The defense protects its basket and attempts (without fouling) to prevent the offense from scoring. A foul is called when a player violates a rule or gains a favorable advantage over the opposition illegally. The ball is moved up and down the floor by passing or dribbling and the action stops only when an official blows the whistle or the official horn signals the stop of play.
The five players on each team play both offense and defense. Generally, teams consist of two guards, typically shorter players who set the offense and handle the ball a great deal, a forward who looks to shoot and penetrate to the basket, and two taller players called posts or centers who can score close to the basket and rebound shots which do not score as baskets. Perhaps the idea of calling two players “posts” instead of using the traditional line-up terminology of “guard, guard, center, forward, forward” seems a little confusing. It really isn’t at all. In the two-post line-up, one of the posts is really a power forward while the other is the traditional center. Today,, with larger, stronger, and taller players in both men’s and women’s basketball, it is more common to go with a two-post line-up.
The team that scores the most points during two 20-minute halves in college basketball is the winner. Therefore, possession of the ball is the only way to score and, ultimately, to win. Most coaches try to achieve a balance between the ability of their offensive unit to score and their defensive unit to take the ball away. 무료스포츠중계
Millions of spectators jam arenas all over the country to view the game. On December 9, 1987, 24,563 fans were shoehorned into the Thompson-Boling Arena at the University of Tennessee- Knoxville to watch the then number two-ranked University of Texas-Austin defeat the number one-ranked University of Tennessee in a world-record attendance for a women’s basketball game. Typically, on winter nights froin UCLA to Syracuse, Georgetown to Kentucky, Indiana to Tennessee, the rafters are packed and the action is hot.
Dr. Naismith would be proud of the countless minutes of enjoyment his winter physical activity has brought to coaches, players, and spectators on every level all over the world for more than 100 years. 손오공티비
참조 : BADMINTON History
